硬科技:一起在伺服器市場慢慢擠牙膏的IBM與Intel

2018.10.12 06:53PM
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有時候真的會覺得,「擠牙膏」是一種像殭屍病毒一樣會急速傳染的行為模式,很可怕,真的很恐怖。

2016年八月的HotChips和2017年四月CoolChips 20的IBM:地球上最強大的伺服器處理器Power9。

參考文章:IBM Power 9處理器解析 地球上最強大泛用處理器

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2017年八月HotChips 29的Intel:Skylake微架構的Xeon。

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2018年八月HotChips 30的IBM與Intel:繼續冷飯熱炒Power9和Skylake微架構的Xeon。

筆者也只能陪著這兩間大廠一起擠牙膏了,看看能擠出什麼有趣的花樣。

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花了一年多時間創造行銷名詞的IBM:Power9的25GT/s高速I/O統稱為「PowerAXON」

PowerAXON = Power with A-bus, X-bus, OpenCAPI, and NVLink.

總之,IBM就把300GB理論雙向頻寬的48 Lane 25G「Bluelink」改了一個更響亮的行銷名詞,各位科科有沒有一股想要立即跳出網頁的衝動?

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不過一般讀者甚少有機會接觸到這些超旗艦等級的高效能處理器,各位科科還是可以瞧瞧這個「PowerAXON」帶來何等強大的擴充性。

連接多處理器的Scale-Up環境:

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作為NVLink 2.0連接大量NVIDIA繪圖晶片:

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作為OpenCAPI、透過SCM (Storage Class Memory) 擴充DDR4主記憶體容量:

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基本上,看到這些令人匪夷所思的「超高規格」以及讓人連想都不敢想像的高昂價格,除了只能跪跟拜,好像也不能作什麼事情了。

原來去年發表的是Power9 SO (Scale-Out),今年的是Power9 SU (Scale-Up),看來還有擴充更先進I/O和記憶體子系統的Power9可以慢慢擠,期待大家明年再相會,繼續看著藍色巨人表演擠牙膏。

但說到擠牙膏,還有另一家更專業、各位科科絕對耳熟能詳的大廠,雖然他們好像也快擠不出什麼東西來了。

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Intel Skylake-SP的後繼者:「Apache Pass」總算被擠出來了

號稱「集Intel x86伺服器技術大成」的Skylake-SP「Purley」平台,早在2017年七月發布,並遭受AMD EPYC的猛烈狙擊。今年的Cascade Lake-SP僅為Skylake-SP的微幅改版,基本上改進了三個地方:

  • 原本Skylake-SP就應該支援的「Apache Pass」:採用Optane (原名 3D Cross Point)技術的非揮發性記憶體模組「Optane DC」。
  • AVX-512指令集的VNNI擴充:強化短整數運算效率,增強人工智慧和深度學習的應用。
  • 針對先前因處理器預測執行而導致的安全性漏洞,追加防範措施。

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Optane DC可作為「速度較慢、容量更大、不怕斷電」的主記憶體或超高速SSD之用。其實新世代高效能非揮發性記憶體的應用,是一個非常有趣的主題,留待日後有機會再深入探討。

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參考文章:硬科技:Intel邁向人工智慧晶片的一小步:Knights Mill

「新」AVX-512指令集的VNNI強化了短整數的運算效能,更適用於人工智慧與深度學習。

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參考文章:

硬科技:被Intel處理器漏洞嚇傻前 科科們要先知道的事(上)
硬科技:被Intel處理器漏洞嚇傻前 科科們要先知道的事(中)
硬科技:被Intel處理器漏洞嚇傻前 科科們要先知道的事(下)

對於因預測執行機制而衍生的諸多處理器漏洞,Intel在Caslake Lake-SP也做出了亡羊補牢的補強措施,但實際效果如何,包括Intel和Google,大概也沒人希望受到真正的考驗吧。

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值得注意的是,在HotChips 30,有一場時間長達一小時45分、簡報多達70頁的主題演講 “Spectre/Meltdown & What it means for future design”,主講者包括資訊科班無人不知的RISC大師John Hennessy與揭發Intel處理器漏洞的Google員工。這主題有點複雜,希望筆者以後有動力可以「補完」這個失落的環節。

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行文至此,看著滿滿的過往文章被「重見天日」,筆者都覺得自己在擠牙膏了,真是太可怕了,這麼糟糕的行為,各位科科千萬不要學啊。

但為何IBM與Intel會從當年「小步快跑」的Tick-Tock (鐘擺),演變成今天的擠牙膏大賽,究竟是製程技術遭遇瓶頸、在製程研發過度投資、還是市場本來就不需要如此頻繁的產品更迭,就值得各位科科多多想想了。

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